Leader_The future of self-driving cars is in human hands
FT社评：无人驾驶汽车的未来掌握在人类手中
广州汽车翻译公司：汽车制造商应提供更透明的信息。监管者应要求制造商重点谈论驾驶辅助系统，并划清制造商与司机之间的责任界线。
The launch this week of Uber’s “self-driving fleet” of taxis in Pittsburgh marks the first time that members of the public have been able to experience a self-driving car. While these are not fully autonomous vehicles — the driver is able to intervene — they are capable of driving themselves. Their trial run could be a first step to normalising their presence on American roads.
本周优步(Uber)在匹兹堡推出的出租车“无人驾驶车队”，标志着公众可以首次体验无人驾驶汽车。尽管这些并非完全自动驾驶汽车——司机可以干预，但是它们确实可以自己驾驶。无人驾驶出租车试运营，可能是无人驾驶汽车在美国道路上行驶常规化的第一步。广州汽车翻译公司。
In a sense, semi-autonomous cars are hardly a new thing for US drivers. Manufacturers like Tesla have been dreaming up gizmos that make it easier for drivers to chill out at the wheel. A fatal accident this year that involved one of the electric carmaker’s “assisted” vehicles is a reminder of the safety risks inherent when machines do the driving. One is that the cameras on which the vehicle depends to gauge its position when manoeuvring are not always fail safe. Another is a false sense of security for drivers who pay less than full attention because of the perception that the car is capable of driving itself without any human intervention.
在某种意义上，对于美国的司机而言，半自动驾驶汽车算不上什么新鲜事。特斯拉(Tesla)等制造商一直在设计让司机驾驶时更容易冷静下来的小发明。今年涉及一辆特斯拉“辅助驾驶”车辆的致命事故，提醒了人们机器驾驶的固有安全风险。其中一个风险是，车辆行驶时赖以判断自身位置的摄像机并不总是万无一失。另一个风险是司机会产生错误的安全感，由于司机认为车辆可以在无需人为干涉的情况下自动驾驶，所以他们的注意力会降低。
In the absence of clear safety rules, these cars raise pressing questions that need to be resolved. Car manufacturers are split over whether hands-off driving should be allowed even if a car is driving itself.
在缺少明确的安全规则的情况下，无人驾驶汽车提出了亟需解决的问题。在即使车辆可以自动驾驶、但是否应该允许司机完全放手的问题上，汽车制造商仍存在分歧。广州汽车翻译公司。
But they agree that another fatal crash would seriously damage the future of the industry. As these vehicles become more readily accessible, regulation is needed to resolve ambiguities in safety rules.
但是，他们一致认为，如若再发生一起致命事故，将严重损害这个行业的未来。随着这些车辆的推广，现在亟需用监管解决安全规则的模糊不清。
Carmakers need to become more transparent about the technology behind their products. Rather than marketing driverless systems, regulators should insist carmakers talk about driver assistance systems, thus eliminating the false sense of security that comes with a manufactured vision of a driverless era.
汽车制造商需要对产品背后的技术提供更透明的信息。监管者应该坚持要求汽车制造商重点谈论驾驶辅助系统，而不是推销无人驾驶系统，以此消除伴随着人为描绘的无人驾驶时代前景而来的错误安全感。
Apart from clearer safety rules, there are pressing liability issues that obscure the line of responsibility between carmakers and drivers. Although the cars require drivers to stay alert, this remains blurred territory, which could be resolved by determining the conditions under which the driver is fully responsible for handling the vehicle.
除了更清晰的安全规则，目前还有亟待明确的责任问题——汽车制造商与司机之间的责任界线。尽管无人驾驶汽车需要司机保持警惕，但责任问题仍然是个模糊的领域，可以通过确定在哪些情况下司机对操控汽车完全负责来解决。广州汽车翻译公司。
But if the adoption of self-driving cars is to be accelerated, regulators need to insist on further trials beyond Pittsburgh. These will be essential not only in order to improve safety technologies but also to gain a better understanding of the risks.
但是，如果自动驾驶汽车加速普及，监管者必须坚持要求在匹兹堡试运营后进行进一步的试验。这至关重要，不仅是为了提高安全技术，也是为了更好地了解风险。
Ideally, safety regulations would be harmonised with an international agreement. In the US, a helpful first step would be to introduce federal legislation to prevent the emergence of diverse regulation in 50 different states. Competing standards are not only burdensome for carmakers but would also reduce the scale needed for the wider rollout in the market.
理想而言，安全监管应与国际协议保持协调。在美国，有益的第一步是引入联邦立法来防止50个州出现不同的监管规则。相互竞争的标准不仅给汽车制造商造成负担，还会降低市场规模，而无人驾驶汽车的市场推广需要规模。广州汽车翻译公司。
Indeed, the potential benefits of driverless vehicles will only emerge when they operate on a much larger scale. Hypothetically these cars could be safer than those driven by humans, and could help to reduce the 1.2m deaths in car accidents worldwide each year. Additionally, they could improve productivity by improving traffic congestion and saving time.
实际上，无人驾驶汽车的潜在好处只有在更大规模运营的情况下才会出现。从假设上来说，这些汽车比人类驾驶汽车更安全，有助于降低每年全球车祸120万人的死亡数字。另外，它们还可以通过改善交通拥堵和节省时间而提高生产率。
For these benefits to be realised, regulators need to step in and resolve interim issues. Technology tends to outpace regulation but a speedier response from the regulators would reduce the lag between developing more advanced vehicles and their market uptake.
要想实现这些好处，监管者需要介入并解决这一过程中出现的问题。技术往往快于监管，但是监管者更迅速的反应，可以缩短研发更先进车辆与市场接受能力之间的时差。
More clarity about safety issues would enable carmakers and early adopters to move towards this. For now, the future rests in the hands of humans.
明确安全问题将使汽车制造商和早期尝试者能向这一方向前进。目前，未来还掌握在人类手中。
