Five industries under threat from technology
下一批面临科技威胁的行业
广州科技翻译公司：岁末年初，FT记者们展望未来5到10年，推测哪些行业将在科技挑战之下缩水，甚至彻底消失。他们列出5个行业。
Over the past year, technology and ‘sharing economy’ start-ups have continued their disruption of traditional industries — from Uber and other ride hailers’ shake-up of the taxi market to Airbnb’s myriad alternatives to conventional hotel stays.
过去一年，技术和“分享经济”初创企业继续扰乱传统行业——从优步(Uber)和其他招车应用冲击出租车市场，到Airbnb提供多种替代传统酒店住宿的选择。广州科技翻译公司。
But which will be the next businesses to be challenged by further digitisation and automation?
但是，哪些行业将面临下一阶段的数字化和自动化挑战呢？
FT correspondents have looked ahead five to 10 years to identify those industry sectors and companies set to shrink — or disappear completely — as tech disruption marches on.
英国《金融时报》记者们展望未来5到10年，以推测哪些行业和企业将随着科技不断带来的扰乱性变化而缩水，甚至彻底消失。
Here are their next five nominations for industries under threat of extinction.
以下是他们提名的面临灭绝威胁的5个行业。
Disrupter: Online travel platforms
扰乱因素：在线旅游平台
● Industry threatened High-street travel agents
●受到威胁的行业：实体旅行社
● Reason why More travellers booking online
●原因：更多旅行者选择网络预订
Tui is the world’s largest tour operator, running high-street travel agencies under the Thomson and First Choice brands, writes Murad Ahmed. But its chief executive Fritz Joussen says the “end game” is to morph into a different kind of business — less reliant on selling package holidays and more focused on owning and operating hotels and cruise ships.
据英国《金融时报》穆拉德•艾哈迈德(Murad Ahmed)报道，途易(Tui)是世界最大旅游公司，以Thomson和First Choice等品牌经营实体旅行社。但其首席执行官弗里茨•茹森(Fritz Joussen)表示，“终局”是转变商业模式——减少对度假套餐销售的依赖，更着重拥有和运营酒店和游轮。广州科技翻译公司。
“We have today about 30 per cent to 35 per cent of profit contribution from hotels and cruises,” he says. “In three years, I would say we will be way above 50 per cent. We are really transforming the company.”
“今天我们约30%到35%的利润是酒店和游轮旅行贡献的，”他说：“3年后，我认为这个比例将远远超过50%。我们真的在转变这家公司。”
The changes at Tui reflect broader shifts in the industry. Traditional bricks-and-mortar agencies have been in decline for years, as travellers become more comfortable booking trips through online outlets such as Expedia.
途易发生的改变反映了业内更大范围的转型。随着旅行者更习惯于通过智游网(Expedia)等在线旅行服务来预订行程，传统的实体旅行社走下坡路已有多年。
According to the US Bureau of Labor Statistics, the number of travel agents in the US fell from 132,000 in 1990, to 74,000 in 2014. It has predicted that number will decline by another 12 per cent by 2024.
根据美国劳工统计局(Bureau of Labor Statistics)的数据，美国旅行社的数量从1990年的13.2万家减少到2014年的7.4万家。该局预测到2024年，这个数字还将减少12%。
Thomas Cook, one of the UK’s largest tour operators, needed a £200m loan in 2011 to tackle a cash crisis that had jeopardised its survival. Since then, it has closed hundreds of high street stores and plans to shut more if they are unprofitable. It has shifted towards selling travel deals online and creating trips through its own airline fleet and hotels. Last year, it returned to profit for the first time in five years.
2011年，英国最大的旅游集团之一Thomas Cook需要一笔2亿英镑的贷款来解决一场危及生存的现金危机。此后，Thomas Cook关闭了数百间实体门店，并且计划关闭更多无法盈利的门店。该公司转向在线销售旅行套餐，并依托其自有的航空公司机队和酒店来开辟旅游线路。上个年度，该公司5年来首次扭亏为盈。广州科技翻译公司。
Henry Hartveldt, founder of Atmosphere Research, says travel agencies will not wither away completely, but do need to change. “The ones that survive will be true experts,” he says. “They could be used to book a significant trip — a honeymoon, a significant family getaway, or a complex journey like planning a safari.
Atmosphere Research创始人亨利•哈特费尔特(Henry Hartveldt)表示，旅行社不会完全消亡，但的确需要改变。“那些能够存活下来的旅行社将是真正的专家，”他说：“人们可以通过它们来预订一次特别的行程，如蜜月旅行或特别的家庭度假，或者筹划游猎之旅这样的复杂行程。”
“They will have found a niche and use digital tools to make sure people know who they are, as well as help their clients book . . . The question for the travel agency is do they need a retail storefront? To be honest, most don’t.”
“它们将发掘出一个小众市场，并且在帮助客户预订的同时，也利用数字工具来确保人们了解它们的存在……对旅行社来说，问题是它们是否需要零售门店？老实说，大部分旅行社并不需要。”
Some customers still want face-to-face contact with travel agents. Research conducted by the Association of British Travel Agents (ABTA) suggested that the vast majority of travellers book online. But the number of people booking within stores rose slightly in the 12 months to October 2016 to 19 per cent, up from 17 per cent a year earlier.
一些客户依然希望与旅行社面对面接触。英国旅行社协会(ABTA)进行的研究表明，绝大多数旅行者在线预订行程。但截至2016年10月的12个月中，在门店预订行程的人的比例达到了19%， 比一年前的17%有所提高。广州科技翻译公司。
ABTA’s research suggests the “most affluent households” — the top 4 per cent of the population that represent the UK’s highest earners — were most likely to book in store with 35 per cent having done so.
英国旅行社协会的研究表明，“最富裕的家庭”——英国收入最高的4%的人群——在门店预订的可能性最高，比例达到了35%。
Mr Joussen said Tui would continue to sell package holidays but would become less focused on the “pure trading bit,” where travel agents search for the cheapest prices on behalf of customers. Bargain hunters will turn to the web, rather than high street, to source the best deals.
茹森表示，途易将继续销售度假套餐，但不再那么着重于“纯粹的买卖部分”，也就是旅行社为顾客搜寻最便宜的价格。找便宜的人不会去实体门店，而是会转向网络来搜寻最划算的价格。
Disrupter: 3D printers
扰乱因素：3D打印机
● Industry threatened Small component manufacturers and distributors
●受到威胁的行业：小型零部件生产商和分销商
● Reason why Growing use of on-site 3D printing to make parts
●原因：人们日益通过就地3D打印来制造部件
Any concertgoer knows it is easier to print tickets than pick them up or hope they arrive in the post, writes Patrick McGee. Businesses will soon realise the same applies to spare parts, equipment and electronics.
英国《金融时报》帕特里克•麦吉(Patrick McGee)报道，常去音乐会的人都知道，比起取票或者希望票能够按时寄到，现场打印门票更容易。企业将很快意识到，同样的道理也适用于零部件、设备和电子产品。
The explosion of 3D printers is expected to shake up entire supply chains, allowing companies to print much of what they need rather than order it, often from overseas.
预计3D打印机的爆炸式普及将撼动整条供应链，让企业能够打印，而不是（往往从海外）订购它们所需要的很大一部分部件。广州科技翻译公司。
Bosch Rexroth, the drive and control unit of the private German electronics group, projects that in five to 10 years up to 40 per cent of the manufacturing equipment it uses could be printed instead of purchased.
私有的德国电子集团博世(Bosch)旗下的传动和控制公司博世力士乐(Bosch Rexroth)预测，在5到10年后，该公司可能打印，而非购买多达40%的制造设备。
“If we look at spare parts for older cars or engines, prototypes for new products or small batches in manufacturing, 3D printing will make a major difference,” says Dr. Stefan Hoevel, manufacturing process development manager at Bosch Rexroth.
“如果我们要为旧车或者旧发动机寻找零部件，为新产品制作原型，或者进行小批量的制造，3D打印将发挥重大作用，”博世力士乐制造工艺开发经理斯特凡•赫费尔博士(Stefan Hoevel)说。
Bosch is already printing objects to create prototypes that were either not constructible before or took a long time to process. Dr Hoevel says equipment manufacturing could become up to 60 per cent cheaper than conventional methods used today.
博世已经开始通过3D打印来创建此前无法构建或者需要很长时间加工的原型。赫费尔博士表示，使用3D打印技术，设备的制造成本可能比使用今天的常规办法低廉至多60%。
The technique is sometimes known as “additive manufacturing” because of the way plastics, metals and other materials are built layer by layer.
3D打印技术有时被称为“添材制造”，因为塑料、金属和其他材料是一层一层地叠加而成的。
At the Munich show Electronica in November, Israeli start-up Nano Dimension showed how 3D printing would go well beyond making simple parts. The company’s desktop-sized Dragonfly printer can create multilayer printed circuit boards — the film-like boards found in smartphones and computers that allow signals and power to be transmitted.
在11月的慕尼黑电子展(Electronica)上，以色列初创公司Nano Dimension展示了3D打印的潜力绝不仅止于制造简单部件。该公司桌面大小的3D打印机“Dragonfly”可以制造多层印刷电路板——即智能手机和计算机中用于传输信号和电力的膜状电路板。广州科技翻译公司。
Amit Dror, chief executive, says the 3D printing of circuit boards would boost the research and development process for prototypes, allowing electronics companies to bring new products to market faster.
该公司首席执行官阿米特•德罗尔(Amit Dror)表示，3D印刷电路板将加快样机的研发过程，使电子产品企业能够更快将新产品推向市场。
In a demonstration of the latest methods this year, HP printed a lightweight quarter-pound chain link in less than 30 minutes — then attached it to a hoist and lifted up a car.
2016年，在对最新方法的展示中，惠普(HP)在不到30分钟的时间里打印出一个重四分之一磅的轻质链条，然后将这个链条连接到一台卷扬机上，吊起一辆汽车。
The Jet Fusion 3D Printer used is jokingly called “the printer that prints itself” by Stephen Nigro at HP, as nearly half of the parts comprising it can be printed.
展示中用到的Jet Fusion 3D打印机被惠普的斯蒂芬•尼格罗(Stephen Nigro)戏称为“打印自己的打印机”，因为该打印机近一半的部件都可以打印出来。
“We are not doing this because we can; the printer is printing itself because it makes economic sense to do so,” he says. “We think 3D printing will play a key role in changing the way the world designs and manufactures.”
“我们做这些不只是因为我们有能力这么做；打印机打印自己，是因为这样做有经济意义，”他说：“我们认为3D打印将在改变世界设计和制造方式中起到关键作用。” 广州科技翻译公司。
Disrupter: Driverless cars
扰乱因素：无人驾驶汽车
● Industry threatened Motor insurers
●受到威胁的行业：汽车保险公司
● Reason why Fewer vehicle collisions with increased use of driverless cars
●原因：随着自动驾驶汽车日益得到使用，汽车碰撞事故会变得更少
Imagine a future in which fleets of driverless cars move quietly and carefully around our cities and countryside, seamlessly picking up and dropping off passengers. There are fewer cars on the roads, and those that are there tend to have fewer collisions.
想象一下这样的未来：一列列的无人驾驶汽车安静和小心地在城市和乡村行驶，无缝接送乘客，道路上的车辆更少，这些车辆发生的碰撞事故也更少。
For some, this is utopia. For the world’s insurers it may be just the opposite. Motor insurance is one of the mainstays of the industry. It generates about $260bn in annual premiums for major global insurers and $17bn in profits, according to research from Morgan Stanley and Boston Consulting Group. They estimate that the motor insurance industry has a market value of about $200bn.
对一些人来说，这样的场景犹如乌托邦一样美好。但对全世界的保险公司而言可能恰恰相反。汽车保险是保险业的支柱之一。根据摩根士丹利(Morgan Stanley)和波士顿咨询集团(BCG)的研究，汽车保险每年为全球各大保险公司带来约2600亿美元的保费收入，170亿美元的利润。它们估计，汽车保险业的市场价值达到约2000亿美元。
New technology, the analysts say, puts a big chunk of that under threat in a variety of ways. First, fewer cars and fewer accidents mean less demand for insurance. In mature economies the market size could shrink by more than 80 per cent by 2040. Second, the insurance that is needed will be bought by companies such as car manufacturers, rather than by consumers. And as carmakers and tech companies get better at collecting and using data, they may be in a stronger position to sell insurance than the insurance industry itself.
分析师们表示，新技术以多种方式让汽车保险市场的很大一块遭受威胁。首先，上路的汽车更少，汽车的事故也更少，这意味着对汽车保险的需求减少了。到2040年，在成熟的经济体，汽车保险市场的规模可能缩水逾80%。第二，所需要的保险将会由汽车制造商等企业购买，而不是由消费者购买。而随着汽车制造商和科技企业改进数据的收集和应用，在销售保险上，它们可能处于比保险行业本身更有利的地位。广州科技翻译公司。
Insurers say that in the short term increasing automation is driving up the cost of car cover, because gadget-filled cars are more expensive to repair than more basic models if they are damaged in a crash.
保险公司表示，短期来看，自动化程度的提高在拉高汽车保险的成本，因为一旦在碰撞中损坏，配备尖端设备的汽车的维修费用比更基本的车型昂贵。
Murray Raisbeck, an insurance partner at KPMG, says new technology will also create opportunities. “There will be different risks that need insuring, such as the risk of an algorithm failing, or cyber risks relating to driverless cars,” he says. “There will be less bent metal and lower personal injury risk.”
毕马威(KPMG)的保险合伙人默里•雷兹贝克(Murray Raisbeck)表示，新技术也将创造新机会。“会出现需要投保的不同风险，比如算法出错的风险，或者与无人驾驶汽车相关的网络风险，”他说：“汽车车体受损和人员受伤的风险将会变小。”
Some insurers are starting to react to the changing landscape. In the UK, Axa has joined a number of government-backed groups that are looking at how best to introduce driverless technology. In Japan, Mitsui Sumitomo and Tokio Marine, two of the biggest insurance groups, are examining new types of insurance products that might be needed.
一些保险公司开始对风云变幻的市场格局做出反应。在英国，安盛(Axa)加入一些得到政府支持的组织的行列，探索如何最好地引入无人驾驶技术。在日本，最大的两家保险公司三井住友(Mitsui Sumitomo)和东京海上(Tokio Marine)正在考察市场可能需求的新型保险产品。
But Mr Raisbeck says the industry as a whole needs to take more decisive action to deal with the threats. “In the UK there are a lot of talking shops, a lot of conversations and a lot of eulogising but there is not much capital invested in technology or in the partnerships that they’ll need for the future.”
但毕马威的雷兹贝克表示，汽车保险业作为一个整体需要采取更果断的行动来应对威胁。“英国有很多清谈俱乐部，很多对话，很多动听的泛泛而谈，但没有多少资本投入未来需要的技术或者合作伙伴关系。”
“Insurers are good at reacting to change,” he adds. “But automotive and technology companies are completely different competitors coming to try to eat their lunch.”
“保险公司善于应对变化，”他补充道：“但试图分走一杯羹的汽车公司和科技公司是完全不同的竞争者。”
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Disrupter: ‘Robo-adviser’ websites
扰乱因素：“机器人顾问”(robo-adviser)网站
● Industry threatened Financial advisers
●受到威胁的行业：理财顾问
● Reason why Growth of automated financial advice websites and tougher regulation
●原因：自动化理财咨询网站日益增长，监管更加严格
Traditional financial advisers have encountered a blizzard of regulation in recent years and now face being usurped by algorithms.
近年遭遇一场监管风暴的传统理财顾问，现在又面临被算法排挤的窘境。
The profession began to run into trouble in 2006 when the UK financial watchdog announced a probe into how funds were being sold to retail investors.
该行业从2006年开始陷入困境，当时英国金融监管机构宣布要对基金如何卖给散户投资者展开调查。广州科技翻译公司。
New rules introduced in 2013 fundamentally altered advisers’ business model, banning fund houses from paying them commission and increasing the minimum level of qualifications advisers should have.
2013年出台的新规从根本上改变了理财顾问的商业模式，新规禁止基金公司向他们支付佣金，并抬高了理财顾问的资格门槛。
Liberatum, an association for financial advisers, estimates that 13,500 advisers left the industry following the introduction of the new rules, while the UK’s Financial Conduct Authority puts the figure at 2,000.
理财顾问协会Liberatum估计，自新规出台后，有1.35万名顾问离开了该行业，而英国金融市场行为监管局(FCA)公布的数字为2000人。
The commission ban, which removed advisers’ main source of income, forced those remaining in the business to either raise fees charged to retail investors or increase the minimum investment sum they would offer advice on.
佣金禁令切断了理财顾问的主要收入来源，迫使剩余从业者要么上调对散户投资者的收费，要么上调他们愿意提供咨询的最低投资额门槛。
Suddenly unable to afford their adviser, swaths of investors began to turn to one of the new breed of “robo-advisers”, which emerged in 2012.
大批投资者突然间负担不起他们的顾问，开始转向2012年兴起的新事物——“机器人顾问”。
“Robo-advisers” — websites that recommend a portfolio of funds based on an investor’s answers to an online questionnaire — have tried to disrupt traditional face-to-face advice by offering a low-cost alternative to customers who are increasingly comfortable with digital investing.
机器人顾问，即网站根据投资者填写的在线调查问卷向他们推荐投资组合，它们试图打破传统的面对面咨询模式，向客户提供低成本的替代方案，这些客户越来越愿意接受数字化投资。
Citigroup estimates that assets managed by robo-advisers could reach $5tn globally during the next decade.
花旗集团(Citigroup)估计，未来10年内机器人顾问管理全球资产可达5万亿美元。
Banks, asset managers and wealth managers have also spotted the potential of “robo-advice” as a way of helping retail customers, piling into a space once dominated by nimble financial technology companies.
银行、资产管理公司和财富管理机构也发现了“机器人顾问”在帮助散户方面的潜力，于是大举闯入一度被灵活的金融科技公司主导的领域。
UK banks Barclays, Royal Bank of Scotland, Lloyds Banking Group, and Santander UK have said they are developing online investment websites, as has Swiss bank UBS and wealth managers Investec Wealth, Brewin Dolphin and Killik & Co.
英国的巴克莱银行(Barclays)、苏格兰皇家银行(RBS)、劳埃德银行集团(Lloyds Banking Group)、桑坦德英国(Santander UK)表示正在开发在线投资网站，瑞银(UBS)和财富管理公司天达财富与投资(Investec Wealth and Investment)、Brewin Dolphin以及Killik & Co也有这方面的计划。广州科技翻译公司。
Other big companies have bought into start-ups. Schroders, the FTSE 100 asset manager, took a £12m stake in robo-adviser Nutmeg, while Allianz Global Investors acquired a holding in robo-adviser MoneyFarm, which first launched in Italy.
其他大公司则入股相关初创企业。富时100(FTSE 100)资产管理公司施罗德(Schroders)斥资1200万英镑入股机器人顾问Nutmeg，而安联投资(Allianz Global Investors)收购了MoneyFarm的股份，这家机器人顾问公司于意大利起步。
In the US, automated wealth management services run ETF portfolios and also reinvest dividends and optimise tax efficiency. Betterment, which charges 0.15-0.35 per cent, now manages $6.7bn in assets for 210,000 customers.
在美国，自动化财富管理服务负责运营交易所交易基金(ETF)投资组合，还可再投资股息，优化税务效率。Betterment现在为21万客户管理67亿美元资产，收费标准为0.15%-0.35%。
In the FCA’s review of the financial advice market this year, it and the UK Treasury said they would look into making it easier for investment advice to be offered online at low-cost, after finding that two-thirds of retail investors were buying financial products without advice.
在其2016年理财咨询市场评估中，英国金融市场行为监管局和财政部都表示将研究如何为低成本提供在线投资建议打开大门，此前他们发现三分之二的散户投资者在没有理财建议的情况下购买金融产品。
The increasing popularity of passive funds also looks set to boost the growth of robos over the next few years — robos generally encourage investors to put their cash into passive portfolios rather than into funds run by more expensive stock pickers.
预计被动型基金的日益流行也将在未来几年促进机器人顾问增长，它们通常鼓励投资者把钱投到被动型投资组合，而不是更烧钱的由股市操盘手运作的基金。
According to Morningstar, the data provider, assets under management in passive funds have grown by 230 per cent globally since 2007, hitting $6tn. Over the same period, actively managed funds have doubled to $24tn.
根据数据提供商晨星(Morningstar)，全球被动型基金管理的资产自2007年以来增长了230%，达到6万亿美元。同期积极管理型基金翻了一番，至24万亿美元。广州科技翻译公司。
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Disrupter: Electric vehicles
扰乱因素：电动汽车
● Industry threatened Car repair garages
●受到威胁的行业：汽车修理厂
● Reason why More drivers switching to low-maintenance electric cars
●原因：越来越多的驾驶者转向易维护的电动汽车
Electric cars are often marketed to consumers on the basis that they are cleaner and cheaper to run than petrol or diesel rivals, writes Peter Campbell.
彼得•坎贝尔(Peter Campbell)写道，电动汽车向消费者推销的主要卖点，往往是它们运行起来比汽油车或柴油车更环保、成本更低。
But because they contain virtually no moving parts — other than the wheels — battery cars boast another advantage: there is almost nothing to go wrong under the bonnet.
但由于电动汽车除车轮以外几乎没有活动部件，它们还有一大优点可夸口：其发动机罩下几乎没有什么部件会发生故障。
While that may be good news for motorists, it spells trouble for the thousands of garages that make a living servicing and fixing petrol or diesel cars.
这对驾驶者来说可能是个好消息，却给成千上万依靠保养汽油车或柴油车谋生的汽车修理厂带来麻烦。
The aftersales sector is not only a huge source of jobs within the industry, it is also one of the most profitable parts of the motor sector.
售后服务部门不仅是汽车业一个巨大的就业来源，也是该行业最赚钱的领域之一。
“The business of selling cars is very low margin,” says Philippe Houchois, an automotive analyst at Jefferies. “But as long as we have cars with an internal combustion engine the repairs will continue to be the main source of earnings for dealers.”
杰富瑞(Jefferies)汽车分析师菲利普•霍乔斯(Philippe Houchois)表示：“汽车销售业务利润率很低。但只要我们的汽车里装的还是内燃机，维修就依旧是经销商的主要盈利来源。” 广州科技翻译公司。
While an internal combustion engine in a car sold today may have several thousands of moving parts within it, an electric Tesla contains just 18 moving pieces, according to Credit Suisse.
据瑞信(Credit Suisse)表示，目前市面上的汽车内燃发动机可能由数千个运动部件组成，而特斯拉(Tesla)电动汽车仅包含18个运动部件。
“Electric motors need virtually nothing doing to them,” says Steve Nash, chief executive of the Institute of Motor Industry, a professional body in the UK.
英国专业机构汽车工业协会(Institute of Motor Industry)的首席执行官史蒂夫•纳什(Steve Nash)表示：“电动车几乎不需要任何维护”。
The IMI estimates there are 40,000 aftersales businesses in the UK alone, ranging from large groups such as Kwik Fit to a vast number of smaller independent garages. An exact number is hard to calculate because many never affiliate to a trade body.
该协会估计，仅英国就有4万家售后服务企业，既有Kwik Fit这样的大型集团，也有众多规模较小的独立维修厂。确切数字很难统计，因为许多维修厂从不加入任何行业组织。
The vast majority of electrified cars sold in coming years will contain a form of mild-hybrid technology that uses both an engine and a battery, analysts expect. But battery-only cars, a growing part of the market, will require a fundamentally different set of skills to maintain, such as electrical expertise.
分析师们预计，未来几年销售的绝大部分电动汽车将采用轻度混合动力技术，发动机和电池都用。但纯电池汽车的市场也在不断壮大，此类车辆需要一套完全不同的维护技术，比如电气专业知识。
Volkswagen recently said it would retrain 7,000 engineers in electric technology, as the German carmaker strives to make a quarter of its cars electric by 2025.
大众(Volkswagen)最近表示，将重新培训7000名电气技术工程师，这家德国汽车制造商力争到2025年把电动车在总产量中的占比提高至四分之一。
“Because they look like cars, politicians assume that someone who works on cars will be able to adapt themselves to it,” says Mr Nash, stressing the need for specialist training as well as the high risks of tampering with an electric car.
汽车工业协会的纳什表示：“因为它们看起来像汽车，政客们想当然地认为汽车行业的人能适应它。”他强调了专业培训的必要性，以及擅自修理电动车的高风险。广州科技翻译公司。
The stakes of tampering with an electric car without sufficient training are high, he adds. “An electric car battery can produce 3-400 volts of electric current. That is worse than being plugged into the electric chair.”
他说，未经充分培训就擅自修理电动车的风险很高，“一辆电动汽车的电池可以产生300至400伏的电流，比坐电椅还糟。”
Car rental groups face threat from technology
延伸阅读：汽车租赁集团面临技术威胁
Shifting patterns of car ownership should be good news for rental groups, as people eschew full ownership for part-time leasing.
汽车所有权模式的转变对于租赁集团来说应该是个好消息，因为人们已无意拥有租赁汽车的完全所有权，而转向临时租车。
But the rise in cities of transport services, such as Uber and rival offerings proposed by carmakers, is forcing rental companies to look at their business models.
但是城市运输服务市场的增长——如优步以及汽车制造商提议的竞争产品——迫使租赁公司反思自己的商业模式。
The ascent of fleet-footed technology-driven competitors means traditional hire groups risk being outpaced.
动作飞快的技术驱动型竞争对手的崛起，意味着传统汽车租赁集团面临被超越的风险。
Europcar, the largest operator in Europe, has started a number of projects looking at transport options, from car sharing to other services.
欧洲最大的运营商Europcar已启动了一些项目，包括汽车共享等服务，以尝试各种运输服务方式。
The company recently bought out its Irish franchise in a move that gave it ownership of Ireland’s largest car sharing service, GoCar, which has 150 vehicles in operation.
该公司最近买断其爱尔兰特许经营权，从而得以拥有爱尔兰最大的汽车共享服务GoCar，其旗下运营着150辆汽车。广州科技翻译公司。
But there is growing competition in the space, with carmakers from BMW to Renault offering shared-ownership schemes.
但随着宝马(BMW)、雷诺(Renault)等汽车制造商提出共享所有权计划，该领域的竞争越来越激烈。
The ease of booking car rides through an app — as well as the comparatively low cost — will also force rental groups to invest more in technology to remain competitive.
用app在线约车的便利性及其相对较低的成本，也将迫使汽车租赁集团加大技术投资以维持竞争力。
“I think what the car rental companies need to do is make it really easy to rent a car,” says Philippe Houchois, an automotive analyst at Jefferies, citing app-based competitors such as ZipCar.
杰富瑞的菲利普•霍乔斯说：“我认为汽车租赁公司需要做的是要让租车变得真的很容易。”他提到了ZipCar等基于app应用的企业。
“Right now it takes 20 minutes doing paperwork, and it feels very 20th century.”
“汽车租赁公司现在还需要20分钟来做文书工作，这感觉非常20世纪。”
