Aerotropolis economic zones brace for take-off
空港城准备起飞
广州航空翻译公司：为郑州航空港区担任顾问的美国学者卡萨尔达称，空港城的价值在于向企业提供快速运输渠道，提高企业和城市的效率。
Air travel is the thread that stitches the modern world together.
空中旅行就像线一样，把现代世界缝合在一起，广州航空翻译公司。
Airlines carry a total of about 3bn passengers a year and air freight conveys more than a third, by value, of world trade. That ability to connect should put airports and the areas around them into the centre of town planning and even cities themselves.
航空公司每年要运载大约30亿乘客，航空货运服务承运按价值计超过三分之一的世界贸易。这种连通能力理应让机场和机场周边区域成为市镇规划，甚至城市本身的中心。
But even if aviation, according to the Air Transport Action Group, contributes just 2 per cent of human-generated carbon dioxide emissions, concerns about noise and pollution have put airports on the fringes.
航空运输行动组织(ATAG)的数据显示，航空在人为二氧化碳排放量中仅占2%。但即使如此，人们对噪音和污染的担忧，仍使机场遭到排挤。广州航空翻译公司。
It was not always so. In the early days of flight, towns and cities competed to build easily accessible airports that would attract the new, fire-breathing engines of growth.
情况并非一直如此。在航空业的早期，城镇和城市竞相建设交通便利的机场，以吸引这种喷火的新增长引擎。
Urban areas were later forced to relocate city-centre airports that grew into international hubs or were swallowed by urban sprawl.
一些城市后来被迫搬迁市中心的机场，这些机场或是发展成了国际枢纽，或是被城市的扩张吞噬。
Kai Tak’s 1998 replacement by Chek Lap Kok makes for a less exciting final descent into Hong Kong, but the new airport handles more traffic, more safely. In 2008, Berlin’s Tempelhof, within easy cycling distance of the city centre, was another casualty.
1998年，赤鱲角机场(Chek Lap Kok)代替了启德机场(Kai Tak)，这让抵港航班的最后进场过程不那么惊心动魄，但新机场能够更安全地处理更大的流量。2008年，从柏林市中心骑自行车就可轻松抵达的滕珀尔霍夫机场(Tempelhof)停止了运营。广州航空翻译公司。
In London, many of the arguments against expanding Heathrow are based on its location within the UK metropolis.
在伦敦，反对希思罗机场(Heathrow)扩建的许多论据都基于该机场位于伦敦这个国际都市范围内的事实。
Proponents of “Boris Island”, the Thames estuary site for a new airport favoured by London mayor Boris Johnson, have pointed to its remoteness as an advantage.
伦敦前市长鲍里斯•约翰逊(Boris Johnson)青睐的新机场地点有“鲍里斯岛”之称，它位于泰晤士河河口，新址的支持者把地处偏远形容为一个优势。
Against that is the idea of an airport as the integral centre of a city, suggested in the last century by French cultural theorist Paul Virilio and championed more recently as the “aerotropolis” by US academic John Kasarda.
与此相对的，是上世纪法国文化理论家保罗•维里利奥(Paul Virilio)提出的机场是城市不可或缺的中心组成部分的构想，美国学者约翰•卡萨尔达(John Kasarda)在世纪之交提出的“空港城”(aerotropolis)呼应了这一理念。广州航空翻译公司。
The US has a scattering of fly-in air parks, communities of houses that centre on a runway to which the hangar/garage of each property has taxiway access. Spruce Creek in Florida is home to 5,000 aviation-friendly folk. Counterparts are to be found across the globe.
美国各地有一些“飞行小区”，这些是以飞机跑道为中心的住宅区，从每栋房屋的机库/车库都能直接开上滑行跑道。佛罗里达州的Spruce Creek居住着5000名喜爱飞行的居民。类似的飞行小区在全球各地都有分布。
On a much larger scale, Memphis in Tennessee, the home of logistics giant FedEx, has completed a plan for bringing order to haphazard development that resulted in “middle-class flight, crime and blight” around Memphis international airport.
在规模大得多的层面上，物流巨头联邦快递(FedEx)总部所在的田纳西州孟菲斯(Memphis)已制定整治无序开发状况的计划，这种开发导致孟菲斯国际机场周边“中产阶层逃离、犯罪和脏乱”。
Chad Bowman, aerotropolis project manager at the city’s planning development division, says Memphis and the federal government have put $1.9m into formulating an economic development strategy that takes advantage of air, road, rail and river transport all converging in the central US city. Over the next five to 10 years, he expects this to result in investment by companies of “hundreds of millions, if not billions” of dollars.
孟菲斯市规划发展部门空港城项目经理查德•鲍曼(Chad Bowman)表示，孟菲斯市和联邦政府已经投入190万美元，制定一个充分利用交汇于这个美国中部城市的空中、公路、铁路和河道交通干线的经济发展策略。在今后的5到10年，他预期这会吸引“数亿，乃至数十亿”美元的企业投资。广州航空翻译公司。
“We can package incentives and show companies that locating their business here makes sense because of the multi-modal transportation system,” says Mr Bowman. “That will create jobs, increase our tax base, and make the area more attractive to investors.”
“我们能够打包提供激励措施，向企业展示，因为这里的多式联运体系，在这里开展业务是明智的，”鲍曼说，“这将创造工作机会，扩大我们的税基，让这个区域对投资者更具吸引力。”
The chief value of the aerotropolis concept, says Mr Kasarda, is that “it provides its businesses with speedy connectivity to their long-distance suppliers, customers and enterprise partners, increasing company and urban efficiency.”
卡萨尔达说，空港城理念的主要价值在于“向企业提供与相距遥远的供应商、客户和合作企业快速连通的渠道，提高企业和城市的效率”。
He is advising Zhengzhou, a provincial capital south of Beijing. “The 415 sq km Zhengzhou airport economic zone, or aerotropolis, is coming along nicely,” he says, pointing to substantial increases in property investment and industrial growth in the area.
他目前为河南省省会郑州市担任顾问。“415平方公里的郑州机场经济区，即郑州航空港经济综合实验区，目前进展良好，”他说，并指出该区域的房地产投资和工业发展大幅增长。广州航空翻译公司。
The zone has become the world’s largest site for smartphone production. This, he adds, has pushed its airport to the top of the cargo growth table in China.
郑州航空港经济综合实验区已成为世界最大的智能手机生产基地。他补充称，这使该机场升至中国航空货运量增长排行榜之首。
Such feats of single-minded planning remain rare. Perhaps it is no surprise that the regions most “enthusiastic” about aerotropolises, says Mr Kasarda, are Asia and the Middle East.
这种专注的规划壮举依然罕见。或许并不令人意外的是，卡萨尔达介绍说，最“热衷”于空港城的地区是亚洲和中东。
According to Rose Bridger, UK-based co-founder of the Global Anti-Aerotropolis Movement, “communities are largely excluded from planning and governance” and projects often entail the “displacement of rural people”. She adds: “Airports should revert to the established development model — being built to serve existing cities.”
总部位于英国的全球反空港城行动组织(Global Anti-Aerotropolis Movement)联合创始人罗丝•布里杰(Rose Bridger)说，“当地社区基本上被排除在规划和治理之外”，而且这些项目往往涉及“农村人口的迁移”。她补充道：“机场应该恢复到成熟发展模式——为了服务于现有城市而建造机场。” 广州航空翻译公司。
But, says Mr Bowman: “The aerotropolis concept is not just about more planes and more trains and more automobiles. It is about moving people closer to the centre of commerce and being more sustainable in our business practices. It’s about tying transportation systems together.”
但孟菲斯市的鲍曼说：“空港城的概念不仅关乎更多飞机、火车和手机。它还关乎让人们迁移到更接近商业中心的地方，让我们的商业模式更可持续，关乎把运输体系连接到一起。”
In London, perhaps one gap in its air services could be filled by a floating Thames heliport. That would put a liquid noise barrier between it and opponents, yet give much-needed proximity to the financial centres of the City and Docklands.
在泰晤士河上建造一个浮动的直升机停机坪，或许能够填补伦敦航空服务的一个缺口。液体噪音屏障能够化解反对意见，而伦敦金融城(City of London)和码头区(Docklands)等金融中心能得到一个就近的机场。
