China banks shed staff and slash pay in cost-cutting drive
中国银行业出现减员降薪潮
广州银行翻译公司：中国银行业员工平均薪酬同比下跌。除了削减成本的因素，全行业向数字化银行转型也在推动银行业减员。
China's listed banks have shed around 35,000 employees this year and cut average salaries as they seek to reduce costs amid stagnant revenue growth.
今年以来，中国上市银行裁撤了约3.5万名员工，并削减了平均薪资，试图在营收增长停滞之际降低成本。广州银行翻译公司。
Bank profits were essentially flat in the first half of the year as lenders struggled with shrinking net interest margins and rising bad loans. With top-line growth sluggish, lenders have turned to cost-cutting.
由于净息差收窄及不良贷款攀升，今年上半年银行业利润与去年同期基本持平。在营收增长疲弱的情况下，银行转而采取了成本削减措施。
Of China's 19 listed banks, seven reported declines in total employment at the end of June, compared to six months earlier. The group — which includes five of the six largest banks by assets — cut a total of 34,691 jobs in the period, according to Wind Information, which compiles data from the banks' quarterly financial statements. For the full group of listed banks, employment fell by a net 20,791 workers.
在中国19家上市银行中，有7家报告6月底员工总数相比半年前减少，其中包括按资产规模计六家最大银行中的五家。万得资讯(Wind Information)根据银行季度财报整理的数据显示，这7家银行上半年期间总计减少了34691名员工。就全体上市银行来说，员工数净减少20791。广州银行翻译公司。
Employment at China’s big banks has expanded virtually uninterrupted for the past decade, so the cuts could signal a turning point. Bankers say some colleagues have left voluntarily in recent years to join financial institutions such as securities companies and peer-to-peer lenders that are seen to be on the rise.
过去十年间，中国大银行员工队伍的扩充基本没有中断过。因此，这轮人员缩编或许标志着转折点的到来。银行人员表示，近几年有部分同事自愿离职，加入证券公司或者被认为处于上升期的P2P平台等金融机构。
The cuts come as western peers scale back more dramatically. Eleven of the biggest European and US banks cut almost 100,000 jobs in 2015, according to a Financial Times analysis.
就在中国各银行裁撤岗位之际，西方同行裁员力度甚至更大。据英国《金融时报》分析，2015年欧美11家最大银行裁减了近10万个工作岗位。
"Banks are generally seeing more net interest margin and credit-cost pressure, so they need to control operating costs more tightly if they want to scrape out flat or marginally positive earnings growth," said Hou Wei, Asia banks analyst at Sanford C. Bernstein in Hong Kong.
桑福德•C•伯恩斯坦公司(Sanford C Bernstein)驻香港亚洲银行业分析师侯伟（音译）表示：“总体来说，银行遭遇了更大的净息差和信贷成本压力。因此，它们想要摆脱盈利零增长或微弱增长的处境，就必须更严格地控制运营成本。” 广州银行翻译公司。
"In the short term, they're using operating costs as a lever to smooth earnings growth a bit. But in the long term, this is a more structural trend. Banks are investing quite heavily in ebanking service."
“从短期来说，它们在把运营成本作为工具，借此稍稍缓解盈利增长颓势。不过，从长期来说，这更多是一种结构性的趋势。各银行正大举投资于电子银行服务。”
China Merchants Bank, the country's sixth largest by assets, scaled back the most, with employment cuts equal to 10 per cent of its workforce. Ping An Bank shrank the most percentage terms: its loss of 6,301 employees equalled 20 per cent of its workforce. Total job losses at the seven banks that shed workers amounted to 2 per cent of their collective staff as of the end of 2015.
中国第六大银行招商银行(China Merchants Bank)员工减少数量最多，减员幅度相当于全部人员的10%。而减员比例最大的则是平安银行(Ping An Bank)：该行员工减少了6301人，相当于其员工总数的20%。7家减员银行岗位减少的总数相当于它们2015年底员工总数的2%。
Salaries are also going down. Amid popular discontent over social inequality, China's Communist party has ordered state-owned enterprises to reduce salaries for senior management.
与此同时，薪资水平也在下降。由于公众对社会贫富差距的不满，中共已要求国企降低高管薪资。
Executives at Chinese banks have seen cuts of up to 60 per cent. The chairman of China Construction Bank, the country's second-largest by assets, lauded his 50 per cent cut last year as "extremely correct".
中国各银行高管出现了最高达60%的降薪幅度。对于去年被降薪50%，中国第二大银行中国建设银行(China Construction Bank)董事长曾称赞此举“非常正确”。广州银行翻译公司。
But the latest data show that cuts have extended beyond the ranks of senior management. Average compensation at the 'Big 4' banks — a group that includes CCB along with Industrial & Commercial Bank of China, Agricultural Bank of China, and Bank of China — fell by 3 per cent on average in the first half of 2016 compared to a year earlier, according to Mr Hou's calculations. In the private sector China Minsheng Banking Corp cut average pay by 22 per cent.
不过，最新数据显示降薪范围已扩大至高层以外。根据侯伟的计算，2016年上半年，平均而言，四大行——包括建行、中国工商银行(ICBC)、中国农业银行(ABC)、中国银行(BoC)——平均薪酬同比下跌了3%。而在民营部门，中国民生银行(China Minsheng Banking Corp)的平均薪酬则削减22%。
Beyond cost-cutting, the industry shift towards digital banking is also driving reductions in staff. According to Liao Zhiming, bank analyst at TF Securities in Beijing, more than 90 per cent of transactions at most lenders are now done online.
除了削减成本的因素，全行业向数字化银行转型也在推动银行业减员。根据北京天风证券(TF Securities)银行分析师廖志明的估计，如今多数银行逾90%的交易是在网上完成的。
"As commercial banks' IT systems and electronic banking, — especially mobile banking — get perfected, the digital substitution keeps rising," said Mr Liao.
廖志明表示：“随着商业银行IT系统和电子银行——尤其是手机银行——不断完善，数字化替代率不断上升。” 广州银行翻译公司。
Still, analysts don't expect Chinese banks to close physical branches on a large scale. Central bank regulations require corporate and retail customers to appear in person at a bank branch in order to open a new account. That makes physical branches crucial tools for attracting stable, low-cost deposit funding.
不过，分析师预计中国各银行不会大举关闭实体营业网点。按照央行规定，企业和零售客户在开户时必须亲自去银行柜台办理。这一规定令实体网点成为银行吸引稳定低成本存款的重要工具。
Other relatively simple banking tasks such as foreign-exchange conversion and replacing a lost debit card also still require an in-person visit.
而诸如兑换外币、补办丢失的借记卡等其他相对简单的银行业务，也仍然要求客户亲自到银行办理。
Additional reporting by Ma Nan
Ma Nan补充报道
