UK immigration hits wages by a mere few pence a year
移民对英国薪资的影响微不足道
广州移民翻译公司：研究发现，移民对英国低薪人士工资的影响微不足道，大概每年减少几便士，远小于英国退欧可能造成的工资损失。
From pub rants to government policy planning, the question of immigration is not going away. That is as it should be: wanting to reduce immigration was a prime motivation for those who voted for the UK’s exit from the EU, and how to satisfy that motive is a crucial policy challenge for the years ahead.
从酒吧闹事到政府的政策规划，移民问题依然突出。理应如此：想要减少移民是那些投票支持退欧的选民的首要动机，而如何满足选民的这一愿望是未来几年关键的政治挑战。广州移民翻译公司。
The latest contribution is a report from the Resolution Foundation. It mostly confirms what previous studies have found. The facts it documents are, however, so little known and so crucial to the Brexit policy challenge that it deserves widespread attention.
这方面最新的贡献是一份来自“决议基金会”(Resolution Foundation)的报告。它在很大程度上证实了此前研究的发现。然而，它所记录的情况如此鲜为人知、对英国退欧政策挑战又如此至关重要，理应得到广泛关注。
The key finding is that high immigration has had little effect on wages or employment, with two notable exceptions.
关键发现是，移民数量多对薪资和就业几乎没什么影响，只有两个明显的例外。
First, the post-2004 immigrants from eastern Europe have markedly lower wages on average than other groups, including pre-2004 immigrants from the same countries. That has changed the composition of earnings among the lower paid and in the economy overall: a reserve army of low-paid workers has had a clear impact on some British industries that rely heavily on them.
第一，2004年以后涌入英国的东欧移民的平均薪资明显低于其他群体（包括2004年之前来自相同国家的移民）。这改变了低收入群体、乃至整个经济的收入构成。一支低收入劳动者后备军，对英国那些严重依赖于移民的行业产生了明显影响。
Second, the lowest-paid natives have seen a slight downward pressure on their wages as a result of immigration. But, again, the report confirms previous findings that the effect is very small — in the order of a few pence per year. And the Resolution Foundation makes the important observation that any negative effect on wages from immigration is dwarfed by the overall wage squeeze following the financial crisis.
第二，由于移民涌入，收入最低的那些英国本地人的薪资水平受到了轻微的下行压力。但是，这份报告再次证实了此前的发现，即这种影响非常小——大概每年减少几便士。同时，决议基金会提出了重要发现——与金融危机带来的收入整体缩水相比，移民对薪资水平的负面影响微不足道。广州移民翻译公司。
That point is enlightening and frustrating. It means that some workers — those already paid the least — have indeed been undercut by immigration. But that harm is slight compared with the much bigger one the same people have suffered as a result of the real wage squeeze brought on by the crisis and the policies chosen to deal with its aftermath.
这一点具有启发性但又令人沮丧。这意味着一些劳动者——其收入已经处于最低之列——确实因移民而收入减少。但是，移民带来的伤害微乎其微——金融危机和危机后的应对政策导致的实际工资缩水带来的伤害要大得多。
That makes the scapegoating of EU free-movement rules in the referendum campaign unsurprising, to say the least. It also means that curtailing free movement will do little for the people who feel it works against their interest. The Resolution Foundation usefully compares how much wages could improve if net immigration was sharply cut today with the real wage squeeze implied by the Bank of England’s latest two-year forecasts.
这样看来，欧盟的自由流动规则成了英国退欧公投运动中的替罪羊至少可以说不令人意外。这也意味着，限制自由流动对那些认为该规则有损于其权益的人不会有多大帮助。决议基金会做了一项有用的工作，把现在移民净流入大幅减少可能带来的工资涨幅与英国央行(Bank of England)最近的两年预测暗示的实际工资缩水幅度进行了对比。
The result: some workers may see wages a fraction of a per cent higher by 2018 than they would otherwise. But that gain would be more than wiped out by the wage loss that the Brexit vote may cause.
结果是，到2018年，减少移民或许能让部分工人的工资比不控制移民的情况下增多不到1%。但是，英国退欧可能造成的工资损失超过了这一增幅。
