China moves to de-politicise management of state-owned enterprises
中国拟扩大国企高管市场化选聘试点范围
广州经济翻译公司：分析人士称，从外部聘用更多的高级管理人员，并不会改变中国国有企业内部现有的权威结构。
China is moving to de-politicise management of its lumbering state-owned enterprises by letting corporate boards, rather than the government, appoint senior executives.
中国正采取行动减少从政治上插手其行动迟缓的国有企业的管理，让企业董事会（而不是政府）聘任高级管理人员。广州经济翻译公司。
Overhauling SOEs, which account for about 20 per cent of economic output but are more indebted and less profitable than privately-owned counterparts, is a central component of the government’s efforts to revamp an economy growing at its slowest pace in 25 years.
整改国有企业是中国政府经济改革努力的一个重要组成部分，目前中国经济增速是25年来最慢的。国企占中国经济产出的20%左右，但比民营企业负债更多，盈利能力更低。
Top SOE managers are appointed by the Communist party’s personnel department, with input from the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission, the SOE watchdog. The most important SOE managers have party rank equivalent to cabinet ministers or vice-ministers and often place political or policy considerations over corporate efficiency.
国有企业的最高层管理人员是由共产党的人事部门参考国企监督机构——国务院国有资产监督管理委员会(SASAC)的建议任命的。最重要的国企管理者在党内的级别相当于部长或副部长，他们经常把政治或政策考虑置于企业效率之上。广州经济翻译公司。
A pilot project in 2014 chose five SOEs whose boards of directors would be allowed to choose top managers. Now a cabinet task force has approved an expansion of the pilot to include three to five additional groups, Economic Information Daily, a daily newspaper owned by the official Xinhua news agency, has reported. Once the Communist party’s central committee signs off, Sasac will select the latest crop of SOEs, the paper reported, citing an “authoritative person”.
2014年启动的一个试点项目选出5家国有企业，其董事会被允许选聘高层管理人员。据官方的新华社旗下的《经济参考报》报道，现在，国务院的一个领导小组已批准扩大这个试点项目，准备再选择3至5家国企开展试点。该报援引一位“权威人士”的话称，待中央审批后，国资委将选择最新一批改革试点企业。
The plan also calls for a dual-track mechanism for setting SOE executives’ salaries. SOE chiefs endured pay cuts of up to 50 per cent beginning last year as part of an effort to restore discipline and public confidence in SOEs. But the cuts threaten SOEs’ ability to attract top talent. The cabinet’s latest plan allows executives hired through the pilot to earn compensation in line with industry norms, while political appointees will continue to earn government pay.
该计划还呼吁在设定国企高管的薪酬时采用双轨机制。国企高管从去年起承受了高达50%的减薪，这是一项整体努力的一部分，目的是恢复国企的纪律和公众对国企的信心。但是，这些减薪措施危及了国企吸引顶尖人才的能力。按照国务院的最新计划，试点项目聘请的高管将能够获得与业内水平相符的薪酬，而通过政治渠道获得任命的高管将继续获得政府规定的薪酬。广州经济翻译公司。
Analysts have expressed disappointment at the slow pace of SOE reform since top Communist party leaders pledged in late 2013 to give markets a “decisive” role in resource allocation. The latest move — which will apply to only a handful of the 112 central government-owned SOEs overseen by Sasac — highlights the cautious nature of the reform effort.
自2013年末共产党最高领导人承诺让市场在资源配置方面起到“决定性”作用以来，分析师们对于国企改革步伐缓慢表示失望。最新举措——它将仅适用于由国资委监管的112家央企中的一小部分——突显了改革努力的谨慎特性。
“Such incremental expansion of existing pilots reflects both the broader slowdown in state-owned company reform and its increasingly politically conservative tenor,” said Wendy Leutert, a PhD candidate at Cornell University who is researching SOE reform on a grant from the US education department. “Hiring more senior managers externally won’t change existing authority structures within state-owned companies, in which the party retains authority to appoint their top leaders.”
“对现有的试点项目进行这种渐增的扩张，既反映了国企改革的整体减速，也反映了这方面的改革在政治上日趋保守的主旋律，”美国康奈尔大学(Cornell University)博士学位候选人、正在美国教育部的资助下研究中国国企改革的温迪•洛伊特尔特(Wendy Leutert)表示。“从外部聘用更多的高级管理人员，不会改变国有企业内部现有的权威结构，党在国企内部保留了任命一把手的权威。”广州经济翻译公司。
In a further sign that some factions of the government do not support fundamental reform, Xiao Yaqing, Sasac chairman, said last week that a master plan laid out by China’s cabinet in September was already “basically completed”. The South China Morning Post reported last week that Li Xiaopeng, governor of central China’s Shanxi province and son of conservative former premier Li Peng, will become the new Communist party chief of Sasac.
突显政府中的一些派别不支持从根本上改革的进一步迹象是，国资委主任肖亚庆上周表示，国务院在去年9月制定的一个总体规划已经基本完成。另据《南华早报》(SCMP)上周报道，山西省省长、保守的前总理李鹏的儿子李小鹏将出任国资委党委书记。
Political observers also say that the government has sent mixed signals in recent months on the overall direction of SOE reform. Sasac said last month that Communist party committees inside SOEs should approve all major decisions. That appeared to run contrary to efforts to insulate SOEs from political pressure, although in practice many SOE chief executives are also leaders of their company's party committee.
政治观察人士还表示，政府在近几个月对于国企改革的总体方向发出不同信号。国资委上月表示，应该由国企内部的党委（党组）批准所有重大决策。这似乎违背使国有企业不受政治压力影响的努力，尽管在实践中，许多国有企业的首席执行官也是党委领导。
