Ant’s Alipay challenges China Unionpay's dominance
蚂蚁金服挑战中国银联主导地位
广州金融翻译公司：支付宝在处理付给线下商家的付款时跳过银联网络，这意味着从处理借记卡和信用卡支付的银联分流了巨额费用。
The president of Ant Financial Services Group has lauded the benefits of market competition among Chinese payment providers in a sign that the company is willing to challenge state-backed China Unionpay, which currently dominates China’s payment market.
蚂蚁金融服务集团(Ant Financial Services Group)总裁称赞中国支付提供商之间的市场竞争所带来的好处，这是一个迹象，表明该公司愿意挑战目前主导中国支付市场、政府支持的中国银联(China Unionpay)。广州金融翻译公司。
Alipay, the online payments unit of Ant Financial, bypasses Unionpay’s network when processing mobile payments to offline merchants like supermarkets, restaurants, and taxis, Eric Jing told the Financial Times in an interview. That means Alipay is effectively diverting billions in fees away from Unionpay, which processes debit and credit card payments.
井贤栋(Eric Jing)在接受采访时告诉英国《金融时报》，蚂蚁金服的在线支付部门“支付宝”在处理支付给超市、餐馆和出租车等线下商家的付款时跳过银联的网络。这意味着支付宝实际上从处理借记卡和信用卡支付的银联分流了巨额费用。
“We think merchant fees in the US payments market are too high, and it’s not normal. Running a business isn’t easy [for merchants]. The fees are too high,” said Mr Jing. “The situation in the Chinese market is more normal. Merchant fees are reasonable. Competition between different [payment] market actors is a good thing. It allows service recipients to enjoy better service.
“我们认为美国支付市场的商家费用太高，这不正常。商家经营企业不容易。目前相关费用太高了，”井贤栋表示，“中国市场的情况更为正常。商家费用是合理的。支付市场不同参与者之间的竞争是一件好事。它让服务使用者享受到更好的服务。广州金融翻译公司。
“So-called offline payments [mobile payments to offline merchants] are still online mobile payments for the user, so the payment model isn’t the same [as bank card payments],” he said.
“所谓离线支付（付给离线商家的移动付款）对用户来说仍是在线移动支付，所以支付模式与银行卡支付是不一样的，”他说。
Foreign payment processors like Visa and MasterCard have struggled to gain a foothold in China due to the dominance of Unionpay. Owned by a consortium of Chinese state-owned banks and headed by a succession of retired officials from the People’s Bank of China, Unionpay has a quasi-monopoly status in bank cards.
银联的主导地位使Visa和万事达(MasterCard)等境外支付处理商难以在中国获得立足之地。由中国国有银行组成的一个财团拥有、由一个接一个中国央行退休官员执掌的银联，在银行卡市场拥有近乎垄断的地位。
But Alipay, which was spun off from online retailer Alibaba Group in a controversial transaction in 2011, now has powerful backers of its own. In April, Ant Financial raised $4.5bn from an investor group including sovereign-wealth fund China Investment Corp, the national social security fund, and China Construction Bank, the country’s second-largest lender.
但是，2011年通过一笔有争议的交易从网上零售商阿里巴巴集团(Alibaba Group)分拆出来的支付宝，现在也拥有强大的后台。今年4月，蚂蚁金服从一组投资者筹资45亿美元，包括主权财富基金中国投资有限责任公司(CIC)、全国社会保障基金(NSSF)，以及中国第二大银行中国建设银行(CCB)。广州金融翻译公司。
Merchant fees in China range from 1.5 per cent to 2.5 per cent, compared with between 2.5 per cent and 3.5 per cent in the US, according to Mr Jing. Alipay has 450m registered users and a 68 per cent market share in third-party mobile payments last year, according to iResearch. With overall mobile payments hitting Rmb10.2tn in 2015, that implies Alipay collected roughly Rmb139bn ($21bn) in fees last year, a significant share of which would previously have gone to Unionpay.
据井贤栋介绍，中国的商家费用介于1.5%至2.5%之间，低于美国的2.5%至3.5%之间。艾瑞咨询(iResearch)的数据显示，支付宝有4.5亿注册用户，去年在第三方移动支付市场占据68%的份额。鉴于2015年移动支付总额达到10.2万亿元人民币，这意味着支付宝去年收取了大约1390亿元人民币（合210亿美元）的费用，相当于从银联分流了显著比例的费用收入。
Mr Jing sought to downplay the direct competition by emphasising Ant Financial’s focus on catering to underserved customers. “We’re concentrated on serving small and micro users. They’re doing bank card service,” he said.
井贤栋试图淡化直接竞争，他强调蚂蚁金服聚焦于目前服务不足的客户。“我们专注于服务小微用户。他们做的是银行卡服务，”他说。
Even as it competes with incumbent financial institutions like Unionpay, Ant Financial also faces competition from China’s fast-growing online lenders. The company has a micro-lending unit and also provides loans through an online bank launched last year, known as MyBank, which had Rmb23bn in loans outstanding as of late June. Loans to small businesses operating on Alibaba’s Taobao and Tmall platforms make up the largest share. P2P lenders are also targeting consumers and small businesses.
即便它在与银联等老牌金融机构展开竞争，蚂蚁金服还面临着来自中国快速成长的在线贷款机构的竞争。该公司拥有一个小额贷款部门，并通过去年成立的网商银行(MYbank)提供贷款，截至6月底该行有230亿元人民币贷款余额。向那些在阿里巴巴旗下的淘宝(Taobao)和天猫(Tmall)平台上经营的小企业发放的贷款占了最大比例。P2P贷款机构也瞄准消费者和小微企业。
