广州日本语翻译公司：日本在缅甸加大魅力和投资攻势

Japan turns on the charm in Myanmar in effort to counter China

日本在缅甸加大魅力和投资攻势

广州日本语翻译公司：在缅甸五年政治转型期间，在缅日企增加6倍。日本希望借助魅力和投资攻势成为东南亚最强大的抗衡中国的力量。

Japanhas intensified its charm and investment offensive inMyanmarin a bid to become Southeast Asia’s most powerful counterbalance toChina.

日本已加大在缅甸的魅力和投资攻势，试图成为东南亚最强大的抗衡中国的力量。广州日本语翻译公司。

In the five-year transition toMyanmar’s landmark new government, the number of Japanese businesses in the country has grown sixfold, language courses have boomed and billions of dollars have been pumped from Tokyo into industrial and social projects.

在缅甸经历转型、最终形成新政府的5年里，在缅甸的日本企业数量增长6倍，语言课程迅猛增多，数十亿美元的资金从日本注入缅甸的工业和社会项目。

The investment spree is part of a wider Japanese push to win new markets and reduce dependence onChinaby building closer ties in emerging countries to the south, such asVietnam.

这种投资热潮是日本更广泛计划的一部分，目的是通过与越南等新兴市场建立更密切联系，赢得新市场并减少对中国的依赖。

“There are so many ‘déjà vus’ here,” says Hirokazu Yamaoka, Myanmar head of Jetro, the Japanese trade promotion agency, referring to his previous posting in Vietnam during its foreign investment boom. “And the real business has not yet started.”

日本贸易促进组织——日本贸易振兴会(Jetro)缅甸主管Hirokazu Yamaoka表示：“这里有很多似曾相识的地方，”他指的是他以前在越南外资热潮时期派驻越南的时候，“真正的业务尚未开始。”

Japanis one of several big powers jockeying for position in fast-growingMyanmar, where political change has yielded the first civilian-led government for more than half a century.

日本是设法在迅速增长的缅甸斩获一席之地的几个大国之一，缅甸的政治变化缔造了50多年来首个由文职官员领导的政府。广州日本语翻译公司。

WhileJapanis competing hard in other Southeast Asian emerging markets, such asVietnam, it has enjoyed particular competitive advantages inMyanmarthanks to the chemistry of the political transition.

尽管日本在越南等其他东南亚新兴市场也在积极竞争，但日本在缅甸享有特殊的竞争优势，得益于缅甸政治转型的“化学作用”。

SinceMyanmar’s junta formally stepped down in 2011, theUSand some other western countries have been cautious because of lingering sanctions imposed during the most repressive days of dictatorship.

自2011年缅甸军政府正式下台以来，由于西方在缅甸独裁政权最专制时期对其实施的制裁仍未解除，美国和其他一些西方国家态度谨慎。

At the same time,Myanmarsignalled it wanted to reduce its dependence onChina, most notably by suspending the giant Beijing-backed Myitsone dam project in 2011.

与此同时，缅甸发出信号表明，希望减少对中国的依赖，最引人注目的事件是2011年叫停了中国支持的大规模密松(Myitsone)大坝项目。

Japanwas well-placed because it had always kept a business and cultural foothold inMyanmar, never imposing sanctions even as the western measures squeezed the junta during the 1990s and 2000s.

日本处于有利的地位，因为该国在缅甸的商业和文化领域一直保持着影响力，从未对缅甸实施过制裁，即使在上世纪90年代和本世纪头10年西方制裁措施对缅甸军政府施压时也不例外。广州日本语翻译公司。

Now Japanese government and corporate finance from the likes of Mitsubishi, Marubeni and Sumitomo have powered the development of the giant Thilawa industrial zone south-east of Yangon, where dozens of factories are complete or under construction. Japanese development money has gone into plans ranging from an overhaul of Yangon’s British colonial-era sewage system to the building of three radar installations to warn of dangerous weather events.

如今，日本政府以及来自三菱(Mitsubishi)、丸红(Marubeni)和住友(Sumitomo)等企业的融资促进了仰光东南方向上的迪拉瓦(Thilawa)大型工业区项目的开发，在这里，数十家工厂已经完工或正在建设之中。日本开发资金已注入各类项目，从改造英国殖民地时期留下的仰光排水系统，到建造3个雷达站以预警危险的气象事件。

“Japan has grown so much here in the past two years or so,” says Kyaw Naing, a 34-year-old engineer, speaking beside the blue and white Yangon weather tower he is helping construct. “And more is coming.”

“过去两年左右，日本在这里发展迅速，”34岁的工程师Kyaw Naing在他正参与建造的蓝白色的仰光气象塔旁边说道，“未来还将有更多日资进入缅甸。”

Official loans from Tokyo to Naypyidaw almost doubled to ¥98.3bn in 2014 from the year before, the latest figures available, while debt relief amounted to ¥300bn in 2013 alone. Membership of the Japanese Chamber of Commerce inMyanmarclimbed from 53 at the end of military rule to 310 by May this year, a number that could rise higher if big companies resolve concerns ranging from lack of power supply to restrictions on foreign ownership. SomeMyanmarstate businesses have joint ventures with Japanese companies including brewer Kirin and telecommunications company KDDI.

根据现有最新数据，2014年，日本向缅甸发放的官方贷款较前一年增加近一倍，至983亿日元，而单单2013年的债务减免总额就高达3000亿日元。在缅甸的日本商会(Japanese Chamber of Commerce in Myanmar)会员企业数量从军政府统治结束时的53家增至今年5月的310家，如果大企业解决了从电力供应短缺到外资所有权限制等问题的话，这一数字可能会升至更高。一些缅甸国有企业已与日本企业——包括酿酒商日本麒麟(Kirin)和电信公司KDDI——组建合资企业。广州日本语翻译公司。

Daiwa Securities, the giant Japanese brokerage that was central to the creation of the Yangon Stock Exchange, envisages businesses emerging from the evolution inMyanmar’s domestic business scene. “We want to try to get more companies to consider listing on the Yangon exchange and that is going to mean more education. We want to get more people involved in trading too,” said Atsuo Tachikawa, Daiwa’s head of international business planning.

曾对仰光证交所的创建起到至关重要作用的日本大型券商大和证券(Daiwa Securities)预计，缅甸国内商业气候的发展会造就成功企业。大和国际业务规划主管Atsuo Tachikawa表示：“我们希望让更多企业考虑在仰光证交所上市，这意味着要进行更多的教育。我们还希望让更多人参与交易。”

Japanese language courses have also flourished as youngMyanmarnationals aim to land jobs with the companies now coming in. The number of institutions inMyanmarteaching Japanese has climbed to 200 from 44 five years ago, according to Japanese official estimates.

日语课程也很火爆，缅甸年轻人希望在进入该国的日资企业工作。根据日本官方估计，在缅甸，教授日语的机构的数量从5年前的44家飙升至200家。广州日本语翻译公司。

Myanmarnationals have also embraced study and work inJapanas travel restrictions have eased. OneMyanmarstudent moonlighting illegally at a convenience store in central Tokyo says she decided to learn Japanese not Chinese because the quality of work offered by Japanese companies seemed “a lot better”.

随着旅行限制的放宽，缅甸人还抓住机会到日本求学和工作。一位在东京市中心一家便利店非法打工的缅甸学生说，她决定学日语而非中文，因为日资企业提供的工作质量似乎“好得多”。

 “We want to make money, I want to have a family one day and the Japanese companies seem to have real jobs,” she says.

她说：“我们想赚钱，我希望有朝一日组建家庭，日资企业似乎会提供真正的工作。”

Meanwhile, an increasing number of Japanese are learningMyanmarlanguage. A course for mature students was so popular when it debuted in 2015 that the Tokyo University of Foreign Studies increased the numbers of classes by 75 per cent this year.

与此同时，越来越多的日本人在学习缅甸语。2015年东京外国语大学(Tokyo University of Foreign Studies)首次开设了针对成年学员的课程，这门课程非常受欢迎，以至于该校今年将班级数量增加了75%。

But the bilateral relationship also faces uncertainties under the new government led by Aung San Suu Kyi’s National League for Democracy.

但在昂山素季(Aung San Suu Kyi)的全国民主联盟(National League for Democracy)领导的新政府统治下，这种双边关系也面临不确定性。广州日本语翻译公司。

Gen Aung San, the assassinatedMyanmarnationalist leader and Ms Aung San Suu Kyi’s father, did a pragmatic second world war deal with occupying Japanese forces to fight the British colonialists. But the relationship unravelled when Japanese forces committed atrocities and it became clear Tokyo was not going to allow independence.

被暗杀的缅甸民族主义领袖、昂山素季的父亲昂山将军(Gen. Aung San)曾在二战期间与日本占领军签订一份务实的抗击英国殖民主义者的协议。但当日本军队犯下暴行而且日本很明显不会允许缅甸独立后，这种关系随之瓦解。

Some analysts question whetherJapan’s standing might be damaged by perceptions it was close to the previous government, with which Ms Aung San Suu Kyi had a tense relationship.

一些分析人士质疑日本的地位是否可能受到这样一种印象的损害，即日本与缅甸前政府关系密切，而昂山素季与后者关系紧张。广州日本语翻译公司。

Japanhas also faced criticism for allegedly drawing up development plans inMyanmarwithout sufficient consultation in the affected communities.

日本还因为据称在缅甸在未经充分征求受影响社区意见的情况下就草拟开发计划而受到批评。

Jetro’s Mr Yamaoka insistsJapanhas handled local people’s concerns sensitively, including in a dispute with villagers displaced by the Thilawa industrial area that remains unresolved.

日本贸易振兴会的Yamaoka坚称，日本对于当地人的担忧处理很谨慎，包括与迪拉瓦工业区被拆迁村民仍未解决的纠纷。

 “We want to help Myanmar be an industrial society,” he says. “We want a win-win relationship with our neighbours.”

“我们希望帮助缅甸成为一个工业社会，”他表示，“我们希望与我们的邻邦建立双赢的关系。”

广州日本语翻译公司