广州专利翻译公司：亚洲企业推高全球专利申请数量

Asia takes lead in rush to monetise innovations

亚洲企业推高全球专利申请数量

广州专利翻译公司:广州自本世纪初以来，中国是专利申请增速最快的大国。此间中国企业在境外提交专利申请的数量已增加30倍。

Patenting has never been more popular. Applications have reached record levels at the world’s main patent offices — fuelled by a sustained increase in applications from Asia. Patent filings by Chinese companies outside their home country have risen 30-fold so far this century.

专利申请从未像现在这样流行过。在世界几大主要专利局，专利申请数量达到了创纪录的水平——这得益于亚洲申请数量的持续增加。从本世纪初到如今，中国企业在境外提交专利申请的数量增加了30倍。广州专利翻译公司。

The boom is an encouraging sign for future economic growth, as companies intensify their efforts to turn the results of research into innovative products and services.

对于未来经济增长而言，这一专利申请热潮是一个令人鼓舞的迹象，因为企业都在加倍努力，将研究成果转化为创新产品与服务。广州专利翻译公司。

The European Patent Office (EPO) received 160,000 applications last year, up 4.8 per cent on 2014. The World Intellectual Property organisation (WIPO) reported a 1.7 per cent increase to 218,000 in filings under the Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT) which provides some international harmonisation. These numbers conceal a strong tilt towards Asia, which has more than doubled its share of PCT applications since 2005 and accounted for 43 per cent of last year’s global total.

去年，欧洲专利局(EPO)收到16万份专利申请，较2014年增加4.8%。世界知识产权组织(WIPO)称，依照《专利合作条约》(PCT)提交的申请数量增加了1.7%，至21.8万份。PCT提供一定程度的国际协调。这些数据掩盖了亚洲份额上升的强劲趋势——亚洲依照PCT申请专利的份额自2005年以来提高了逾1倍，去年占全球申请总量的43%。广州专利翻译公司。

Within Asia, the big story isChina, which has experienced much the fastest growth in patenting of any large country since the start of this century. Although this does not come as a surprise, given the speed of Chinese industrial development, the figures are still remarkable.

在亚洲内部，表现突出的是中国。自本世纪初以来，中国是专利申请数量增加最快的大国，在这方面遥遥领先。尽管鉴于中国的工业发展速度，这种情况并不让人意外，但相关数据仍令人瞩目。广州专利翻译公司。

Statisticians at the organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development have analysed for the FT the geographical distribution of patents filed in the world’s five most important IP offices (Europe, US,Japan,ChinaandSouth Korea) — so-called IP5 patents. In 2000, just 331 IP5 applicants were based inChina; this had risen to 9,767 in 2012.

经合组织(OECD)的统计人员为英国《金融时报》分析了世界上五个最重要的专利局（欧洲、美国、日本、中国和韩国）所提交专利——所谓IP5专利——的地理分布情况。2000年，来自中国的IP5专利申请者仅有331个；2012年，这个数字已上升至9767个。广州专利翻译公司。

“While the Chinese growth rate in patenting since 2000 does stand out, it started far behind its competitors,” says Mariagrazia Squicciarini, OECD patent specialist. MainlandChinahad not caught up withTaiwanby 2012 and the Asian powerhouses ofJapanandKoreaare still well ahead in absolute numbers. “Japanhas always had a positive attitude towards IP rights embedded in its business culture,” she adds.Chinadoes not have such a tradition but “there is an active policy by the Chinese government to foster patenting”.

“尽管自2000年以来中国专利申请数量增速确实很突出，但中国的起点远远落后于竞争对手们，”经合组织专利专家玛利亚格拉兹亚•斯奎恰里尼(Mariagrazia Squicciarini)说。截至2012年，中国大陆还没有追上台湾，亚洲专利强国日本和韩国目前在绝对数字上仍远远领先于中国大陆。“日本历来对深入其商业文化的知识产权抱有积极态度，”她接着说。中国并无这样的传统，但是“中国政府实行了鼓励专利申请的积极政策”。广州专利翻译公司。

Although more recent data are available from WIPO, EPO and other offices, Ms Squicciarini says their conclusions about applicants’ country of origin must be treated with caution, because names on IP documents are not a reliable guide to ownership. Further investigation is also needed on the industrial sector in which the applicant wishes to apply the patent.

尽管从世界知识产权组织、欧洲专利局和其他机构可以获得更近的数据，但斯奎恰里尼表示，对于它们得出的专利申请者来源国的结论必须谨慎看待，因为知识产权文档上的姓名并非识别专利拥有人的可靠依据。对于申请人希望申请专利的工业领域，也需要进一步的调查。广州专利翻译公司。

“There is a shortage of good data about patenting, which has hindered analysis of innovation policies,” she says. The OECD team has attempted to nail down ownership by scrutinising patent office data with the orbis global database of 200m private companies worldwide.

“眼下缺少足够的优质数据，这妨碍了对于创新政策的分析，”她说。经合组织团队已尝试借助涵盖全球2亿家私有企业的Orbis全球数据库审查专利局数据，厘清专利的拥有人情况。广州专利翻译公司。

A striking feature of Chinese patenting is that it is distributed much less evenly across different fields of activity than that of other big countries. More than 85 per cent ofChina’s IP5 patents are in telecommunications, computing, digital communications and audiovisual technology. In areas such as chemicals, pharmaceuticals and biotechnologyChinais hardly represented.

中国专利申请的一个显著特色是，跟其他大国相比，专利在不同领域的分布不均衡得多。中国85%的IP5专利来自电信、计算、数字通信和视听技术领域。在化工、药物和生物技术等领域，中国几乎是一片空白。广州专利翻译公司。

Most Chinese patents do not reach the international arena — and are therefore not counted in the OECD or EPO data. The vast majority are filed only domestically: WIPO’s World Intellectual Property Indicators report in December showed thatChina’s State Intellectual Property Office (SIPO) received a staggering 928,000 patent applications in 2014. It was followed by theUS(579,000),Japan(326,000),Korea(210,000) and the European Patent Office (153,000). The WIPO figures indicate that Chinese inventors filed only 36,700 applications outside China in 2014 — far behind the number from the US (224,000), Japan (200,000) and Germany (106,000).

多数中国专利并未达到国际舞台，因此并未纳入经合组织或欧洲专利局的数据之中。中国的绝大多数专利是在国内申请的：世界知识产权组织去年12月发布的《世界知识产权指标》(World Intellectual Property Indicators)报告显示，2014年中国国家知识产权局(SIPO)收到的专利申请达到惊人的92.8万件。紧随其后的是美国（57.9万件）、日本（32.6万件）、韩国（21万件）和欧洲专利局（15.3万件）。世界知识产权组织的数据表明，2014年中国的发明者在中国境外提交的专利申请仅为3.67万件，远远落后于美国（22.4万件）、日本（20万件）和德国（10.6万件）。广州专利翻译公司。

Many foreign companies are reluctant to patent inChina, explains Mark Schankerman, intellectual property expert at the London School of Economics, “because it has been almost impossible to enforce patent claims through the Chinese courts”.

许多外企不愿在中国申请专利，伦敦经济学院(London School of Economics)的知识产权专家马克•香克曼(Mark Schankerman)说，“因为，通过中国的法庭进行专利维权几乎是不可能的”。广州专利翻译公司。

Prof Schankerman comparesChina’s attitude today with that of theUSin the early 19th century. “Americans were then ripping off IP from theUKbecause they were consumers rather producers of technology,” he says. “Now theUSis in the vanguard of producers and the Chinese are like the old Americans.”

香克曼教授将中国如今对待专利的态度和19世纪初的美国相提并论。“那时，美国人从英国偷窃知识产权，因为他们是技术的消费者，而非生产者，”他说。“如今，美国成为技术发明的先锋，而中国人就像那时的美国人。”广州专利翻译公司。

The Chinese market is so big that international companies cannot afford to ignore it and increasing numbers are protecting IP inChina.

中国市场这么大，国际公司不敢忽视它，越来越多的外企设法在中国保护知识产权。

Prof Schankerman predicts that Beijing will soon encourage this trend by increasing enforcement. “One reason is that it wants to encourage foreign investment, which will not come if IP is systematically stolen,” he says. “The other reason is thatChinais moving from being a low-wage consumer to become a producer of technology.”

香克曼教授预测，北京方面很快将通过强化执法来鼓励这一趋势。“一条原因是，中国想要鼓励外国投资进入，如果知识产权被系统化窃取，外资将不会进来，”他说。“另一条原因是，中国正逐渐从低工资的技术消费国转型为技术生产国。”广州专利翻译公司。

Analysis of different fields demonstrates an increase of IP5 patenting in most physics-based sectors such as computer technology and digital communication. Patents based on chemistry and biology are in decline, including pharmaceuticals and biotechnology.

 对不同领域的分析结果表明，IP5专利申请的增加主要发生在基于物理学的领域，比如计算机技术和数字通信。基于化学和生物学的专利申请（包括药物和生物技术）数量在下降。广州专利翻译公司。 

These differences stem partly from faster technical advances and market growth in information and communications technology (ICT) than in the life sciences — and partly because of structural differences between them.

这些差别的部分原因在于，信息与通信技术(ICT)领域的技术进步和市场增长快于生命科学领域——还有部分原因在于，两个领域之间存在结构性差别。广州专利翻译公司。

“ICT products are becoming ever more complex,” says Ms Squicciarini. “To get a smartphone on the market you may need hundreds of patents. And think about the digitisation of the economy — think of all the electronics going into cars, for example.”

“ICT产品正变得越来越复杂，”经合组织的斯奎恰里尼说。“若想把一款智能手机推向市场，你或许需要数百项专利。想想经济的数字化——比如正在集成到汽车中的所有电子系统。”广州专利翻译公司。

“In ‘non-complex’ technologies such as pharmaceuticals very few patents are needed on a product,” adds Prof Schankerman. “For a drug one patent may be enough. In contrast, complex IT products are surrounded by ‘patent thickets’. Companies obtain patents to use as bargaining chips and give them freedom to operate in a field such as smartphones or computers.”

“在药物等‘非复杂’技术领域，一种产品上需要的专利非常少，”香克曼教授补充说。“对于一种药品而言，或许一项专利就足够了。相比之下，复杂的IT产品被‘专利丛林’包围了。公司取得专利后，可以把专利作为谈判筹码，这让它们在智能手机或计算机等领域享有经营自由。”广州专利翻译公司。

Not surprisingly, the companies most active in the patenting arena are all in electronics and IT — and the top seven are based in Asia, according to the OECD’s analysis of corporate patents between 2010 and 2012. General Electric of theUScomes in at number eight, while the highest placed European company is Robert Bosch at 12. All are well-known household names with the exception ofTaiwan’s Hon Hai Precision Industry, the global electronics industry’s largest contract manufacturer, which filed 3 per cent of IP5 patents.

意料之中的是，经合组织对2010年至2012年之间公司专利的分析显示，在专利申请上最为积极的公司全部来自电子和IT领域，而前7家公司都位于亚洲。美国的通用电气(GE)排第8名，而排名最靠前的欧洲公司是罗伯特•博世(Robert Bosch)，排在第12名。除全球电子行业最大代工制造商台湾鸿海精密(Hon Hai Precision Industry)之外，所有公司都是知名的、家喻户晓的品牌。鸿海精密占到IP5专利申请量的3%。

广州专利翻译公司